Negotiation and mediation techniques for natural resource management
by
Antonia Engel and Benedikt Korf
Prepared in the framework of the Livelihood Support Programme (LSP). An interdepartmental programme for improving support for enhancing livelihoods of the rural poor. FAO
What this guide is about 1
Who the guide is for 3
Objectives of the guide 4
Effectiveness of consensual negotiations 4
What is in the guide? 5
How to use the guide? 6
Glossary 7
1.1 What are community-based natural resource conflicts? 19
1.2 Collaborative natural resource management and conflict 26
1.3 Natural resource conflicts and sustainable livelihoods 29
Section summary 34
2.1 The nature of conflict 35
2.2 Different options for managing conflict 41
2.3 Alternative conflict management methods: negotiation and mediation techniques 48
2.4 Mediation in direct and non-direct dealing cultures 55
Section summary 58
3.1 The role of a third party in consensual negotiations 61
3.2 The ten steps of conflict management 67
3.3 Process management 71
Section summary 79
4.1 Why careful entry is essential 81
4.2 Step 1: planning the entry 82
4.3 Step 2: entering the conflict setting 85
4.4 Step 3: preliminary conflict assessment 87
Section summary 91
5.1 Why conflict analysis is essential 93
5.2 Conflict analysis as a process 96
5.3 Tools in conflict analysis 97
5.4 Conflict issues and root cause analysis 100
5.5 Identifying and analysing stakeholders 102
Section summary 107
6.1 Why stakeholder engagement is important 109
6.2 Step 4: deeper engagement – stakeholders analyse the conflict 110
6.3 Step 5: generating and assessing settlement options 117
Section summary 120
7.1 Why negotiations and agreements are important 121
7.2 Step 6: preparing negotiations 123
7.3 Step 7: mediating negotiations 126
7.4 Step 8: designing the agreement 137
Section summary 140
8.1 Why an exit strategy is important 143
8.2 Step 9: monitoring and implementing agreements 143
8.3 Step 10: exploring exit strategy 148
Section summary 150
Collaborative management 153
The policy framework: are the circumstances right? 154
Conclusion 160
Analysing conflict 161
Tools in conflict analysis 162
Core tool 1: Root cause analysis 164
Core tool 2: Issue analysis 170
Core tool 3: Stakeholder identification and analysis 176
Core tool 4: Analysing the 4Rs – stakeholder rights, responsibilities, returns and relationships 180
Complementary tool 5: Conflict time line 189
Complementary tool 6: Mapping conflicts over resource use 192
Case study 1: Management of Bawumpila Community Forest 197
Case study 2: Conflict on the diversion of Bosoko river in the Amansuri wetland 208